module UnitConversion

  DECIMAL_REGEX = /(?:-?[0-9]+)?\.[0-9]+/
  RATIONAL_REGEX = /-?(?:[0-9]+|(?:[0-9] )?[0-9]+\/[0-9]+)/
  UNIT_REGEX = /[\[\]a-zA-Z][\[\]a-zA-Z\/.\-()0-9]*/
  UNIT_PARSING_REGEX = /^(?<value>#{DECIMAL_REGEX}|#{RATIONAL_REGEX})\s+(?<unit>#{UNIT_REGEX})$/

  UNIT_ALIASES = {
      cup: %w(cups c),
      tablespoon: %w(tbsp tbs tablespoons),
      teaspoon: %w(tsp teaspoons),
      ounce: %w(oz ounces),
      pound: %w(pounds lb lbs),
      pint: %w(pints),
      quart: %w(quarts),
      gallon: %w(gallons ga),

      gram: %w(grams g),
      kilogram: %w(kilograms kg)
  }

  UNIT_ALIAS_MAP = Hash[UNIT_ALIASES.map { |unit, values| values.map { |v| [v, unit] } }.flatten(1)]

  class UnparseableUnitError < StandardError
  end

  class UnknownUnitError < UnparseableUnitError
  end

  class << self

    def parse(unit_string)
      match = UNIT_PARSING_REGEX.match(unit_string.to_s.strip)

      if match && match[:value].present? && match[:unit].present?
        begin
          value = get_value(match[:value])
          Unitwise(value, normalize_unit_names(match[:unit]))
        rescue Unitwise::ExpressionError => err
          raise UnknownUnitError, err.message
        end
      else
        raise UnparseableUnitError, "'#{unit_string}' does not appear to be a valid measurement of the form <value> <units> (ie '5 cup' or '223 gram/cup')"
      end
    end

    def density?(unit)
      unit.compatible_with? Unitwise(1, 'g/ml')
    end

    def volume?(unit)
      unit.compatible_with? Unitwise(1, 'ml')
    end

    def mass?(unit)
      unit.compatible_with? Unitwise(1, 'g')
    end

    def get_density(str)
      unit = parse(str)
      raise UnknownUnitError, "#{str} expected to be a density" unless density?(unit)
      unit
    end

    def normalize_unit_names(unit_description)
      unit_description.downcase.gsub(/[a-z]+/) do |match|
        UNIT_ALIAS_MAP[match] || match
      end
    end

    def get_value(str)
      if str =~ /^#{RATIONAL_REGEX}$/
        parts = str.split(' ')
        if parts.length == 2
          whole = parts.first.to_r
          fractional = parts.last.to_r
          (whole.abs + fractional) * (whole < 0 ? -1.to_r : 1.to_r)
        else
          str.to_r
        end
      elsif str =~ /^#{DECIMAL_REGEX}$/
        str.to_d
      else
        raise UnparseableUnitError, "str (#{str}) is not a valid number"
      end
    end

    def convert(quantity, factor, input_unit, output_unit, density = nil)

      value = get_value(quantity)
      factor = get_value(factor)

      if value.is_a?(BigDecimal) && factor.is_a?(Rational)
        factor = factor.to_d(10)
      end

      converted = value * factor

      input_unit = normalize_unit_names(input_unit) unless input_unit.nil?
      output_unit = normalize_unit_names(output_unit) unless output_unit.nil?

      if input_unit.present? && output_unit.present? && input_unit != output_unit
        in_unit = Unitwise(1, input_unit)
        out_unit = Unitwise(1, output_unit)
        unit = Unitwise(converted, input_unit)

        if volume?(in_unit) && mass?(out_unit)
          unit_density = get_density(density)
          unit = unit * unit_density
        elsif mass?(in_unit) && volume?(out_unit)
          unit_density = get_density(density)
          unit = unit / unit_density
        end

        converted = unit.convert_to(output_unit).value
      end

      if value.is_a? Rational
        rational_val = converted.to_r.rationalize(0.01)
        if rational_val.denominator == 1
          rational_val.to_i.to_s
        elsif rational_val.denominator < rational_val.numerator.abs
          whole = rational_val.floor
          fraction = rational_val - whole
          "#{whole} #{fraction}"
        else
          rational_val.to_s
        end
      else
        "%g" % ("%.3f" % converted)
      end
    end

  end
end